Herniated Disc

A herniated disc, also known as a slipped disc or ruptured disc, is a condition in which the gel-like center of a spinal disc bulges out through a tear in the outer ring of the disc. This can occur anywhere along the spine but is most commonly seen in the lower back (lumbar region) and neck (cervical region).

The herniated disc can put pressure on nearby nerves, leading to a variety of symptoms, including:

Back pain: Pain in the affected area of the back is a common symptom of a herniated disc.

Radiculopathy: Radiculopathy is a condition in which a nerve is compressed or irritated, leading to symptoms such as pain, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs.

Muscle weakness: Weakness in the muscles supplied by the affected nerve can occur as a result of nerve compression.

Numbness or tingling: Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs can occur as a result of nerve compression.

In medical terminology, the process by which a spinal disc herniates is referred to as “prolapse” of the disc. The term “discogenic pain” is often used to describe pain originating from a herniated disc, and the compression of a nerve as a result of a herniated disc is referred to as “nerve root compression.” A thorough evaluation of the clinical presentation, including imaging studies, is important in making an accurate diagnosis of a herniated disc.

Causes of Herniated Disc

The causes of a herniated disc can include:

Degeneration: Age-related wear and tear on the discs can cause them to weaken and become more prone to herniation.

Trauma: A traumatic injury, such as a fall or a car accident, can cause a disc to herniate.

Overuse: Repetitive motions or excessive force on the back can increase the risk of a herniated disc.

Genetics: Some people may have a genetic predisposition to developing herniated discs.

Smoking: Smoking can reduce blood flow to the discs, leading to degeneration and increased risk of herniation.

In medical terminology, the underlying cause of a herniated disc is referred to as the “etiology” of the condition. Understanding the etiology of a herniated disc is important in developing an effective treatment plan and preventing future injury. 

Signs and Symptoms of Herniated Disc

The signs and symptoms of a herniated disc can include:

• Back pain: Back pain is a common symptom of a herniated disc and can range from mild to severe depending on the location and size of the herniation.
• Radiculopathy: Radiculopathy is a condition in which a nerve is compressed or irritated, leading to symptoms such as pain, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs.
• Muscle weakness: Weakness in the muscles supplied by the affected nerve can occur as a result of nerve compression.
• Numbness or tingling: Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs can occur as a result of nerve compression.
• Reflex changes: Changes in reflexes, such as a diminished or absent reflex, can occur as a result of nerve compression.

In medical terminology, the combination of signs and symptoms present in a herniated disc is referred to as the “clinical presentation” of the condition. A thorough evaluation of the clinical presentation, including imaging studies, is important in making an accurate diagnosis of a herniated disc.

Treatment for Herniated Disc

Physiotherapy can be an effective treatment option for herniated discs, helping to reduce pain and improve function.

A typical physiotherapy program for a herniated disc may include:

Soft tissue mobilization: This may involve the use of manual therapy techniques to help relieve pain and improve mobility in the affected area.

Stretching and strengthening exercises: These exercises can help to improve the strength and flexibility of the surrounding muscles and reduce the pressure on the affected nerve roots.

Pain management: Physiotherapists may use techniques such as heat or cold therapy, electrotherapy, or pain-relieving exercises to help manage pain.

Core stability exercises: These exercises can help to improve the stability and strength of the trunk and reduce the risk of future injury.

Education and advice: Physiotherapists can provide information on how to manage the injury and prevent future injuries.

It’s important to note that the specific physiotherapy treatment for herniated disc will vary based on the individual and the severity of their injury. A physiotherapist can develop a personalized treatment plan based on a thorough assessment of the individual’s specific needs and symptoms.

If you have any questions or would like to speak to a therapist about herniated disc please call us at 03 9836 1126.

Reference:

van Tulder, M. W., Koes, B. W., Malmivaara, A., & Koes, B. W. (2010). Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. The Cochrane Library